by Salman Rashid
Under the placid waters of the lake formed by the damming of the Indus River at Tarbela, there repose, among others, the water-logged remains of two old settlements. The one called Amb on the west bank and the other Darband on the east. It was from Darband that the chief of Amb , head of the Tanoli tribe, ruled over a sizable fiefdom that spread partly along the west bank of the Sindhu (Indus River) and largely on the east side. The area east of the river partially falling in Mansehra and Haripur districts of NWFP, being known as Tanaval, the tribe favours the cognomen of Tanaoli/Tanavli for itself.
Their own history, fawning and full of flaws and misrepresentations (not unsurprisingly written by a Tanoli), makes them conflictingly either Pukhtuns from the vicinity of Ghazni or Turks of the Barlas sub-clan. Painting the family in the most gloriously exaggerated of martial colours, this document brings the Tanaoli tribe to the trans-Sindhu territories about four hundred years ago.The family, it is recorded named the region they settled in after Tanal, supposedly a mountain pass between Kabul and Ghazni. Interestingly, all of the several maps (both modern and from the 19th century) consulted for confirmation of the existence of this pass turned up blanks, no such pass exists in Afghanistan. It consequently appears that the name Tanaval pre-dated the arrival of this tribe and that they simply took the name from the area.
The Gazetteer of the Hazara District-1883, looks upon the Tanolis as a peaceable and industrious agricultural lot. It also says that they make ‘fair soldiers.’ The extensive Glossary of Tribes, Castes and Clans of Ibbestson, Maclagan and Rose while agreeing with the Gazetteer regarding the Tanolis’ habits, makes them neither Pukhtun nor Turk, but Aryans of Indian stock and Olaf Caroe (The Pathans), similarly places them unequivocally outside the Pukhtun circle.
Be that as it may, there is no reason to doubt that the Tanolis have held the area of Tanaval for a long time. Their seat of power was at Darband on the east bank of the Sindhu, but with the growth of Sikh power under Maharaja Ranjit Singh and their far-ranging sallies, the seat was moved to Amb to use the river as a barrier. Although there are no 19th century or earlier travellers’ accounts of Darband and Amb, the Tanolis tell tales of two fairly impressive little towns.
In June 1841 when the Tanolis under Mir Painda Khan were fighting against the Sikhs under Arbel Singh, a mighty flood swept down the Sindhu River. While it obliterated a Sikh encampment near the fort of Attock, it also washed away both Amb and Darband. This was on the second day of June and nearly two decades later Henry Haversham Godwin-Austen was to confirm that the Biafo Glacier in Baltistan having extended itself across the Braldu River (that emanates from the Baltoro Glacier), had dammed up the river creating a small lake. When the dam burst, a huge wall of water went roaring down the gorge of the Sindhu destroying everything that stood in its way.
Evidently the revenue of Amb was sizeable for shortly after this cataclysm, both the destroyed towns were rebuilt. Little did he known that in a hundred and thirty years these towns would again be laid low by the filling up of the Tarbela reservoir. But back then, with the advent of British influence, the Nawabs were quick to learn modern ways. One of these was to build a summer getaway. It is not hard to imagine that one midsummer a passing British bigwig entertained by (then) Nawab Akram Khan commented on the stifling heat of Darband. Smack on the river bank and at a height of no more than five hundred metres above the sea, it would indeed have been a rather muggy sort of place.
The spot for the appropriate summer retreat was quickly pinpointed: outside the little village of Shergarh on one of the byways leading from Darband to the Kashmir highlands. Here at a height of about 1600 metres above the sea, in a rolling landscape amid fine stands of blue pine, was an old fort (dating back to 1840s) where the Tanolis kept a small garrison. This fort, so ordained Nawab Akram Khan, was to be reordered into a residential fort-cum-palace. The Amb family maintains no records of expenditure, architects, masons, time of beginning and completion of this project or any other detail. However general estimates claim this work was started sometimes around 1900 or 1901.
In one of the rooms, however, a broken marble plaque records another similar but later construction project. In nastaliq script it mentions in Urdu the name of the ‘Builder and Supervisor,’ as Rahim Baksh Overseer Gujrati. The bottom line records the commencement of the project in 1935, but for some strange reason the year of completion is completed obliterated as if on purpose. Nawabzada Jehangir Khan, the present custodian of this place, says the elders used to mention one Rahim Baksh Bhatti as a builder long associated with the family. He does not know however where the plaque was actually installed.
The year 1935 was the advent of the reign of the last chief of Amb, Nawab Sir Farid Khan. The broken plaque therefore refers to some work undertaken on his orders. Though the family is not certain, it appears that the portion known as the Raees Khana or hostel for the Nawab’s guests and above it the 'dera' where he entertained them was constructed at this time. Nawab Sir Farid Khan ruled until 1969 when the country’s princely states were abolished. The revenue and judicial system of Amb was amalgamated with the State of Pakistan. The family was only permitted to retain their properties but all titles, priviliges etc were formally abolished.
(c) Photo, copyright to Mr Salman Rashid 2014
Under the placid waters of the lake formed by the damming of the Indus River at Tarbela, there repose, among others, the water-logged remains of two old settlements. The one called Amb on the west bank and the other Darband on the east. It was from Darband that the chief of Amb , head of the Tanoli tribe, ruled over a sizable fiefdom that spread partly along the west bank of the Sindhu (Indus River) and largely on the east side. The area east of the river partially falling in Mansehra and Haripur districts of NWFP, being known as Tanaval, the tribe favours the cognomen of Tanaoli/Tanavli for itself.
Their own history, fawning and full of flaws and misrepresentations (not unsurprisingly written by a Tanoli), makes them conflictingly either Pukhtuns from the vicinity of Ghazni or Turks of the Barlas sub-clan. Painting the family in the most gloriously exaggerated of martial colours, this document brings the Tanaoli tribe to the trans-Sindhu territories about four hundred years ago.The family, it is recorded named the region they settled in after Tanal, supposedly a mountain pass between Kabul and Ghazni. Interestingly, all of the several maps (both modern and from the 19th century) consulted for confirmation of the existence of this pass turned up blanks, no such pass exists in Afghanistan. It consequently appears that the name Tanaval pre-dated the arrival of this tribe and that they simply took the name from the area.
The Gazetteer of the Hazara District-1883, looks upon the Tanolis as a peaceable and industrious agricultural lot. It also says that they make ‘fair soldiers.’ The extensive Glossary of Tribes, Castes and Clans of Ibbestson, Maclagan and Rose while agreeing with the Gazetteer regarding the Tanolis’ habits, makes them neither Pukhtun nor Turk, but Aryans of Indian stock and Olaf Caroe (The Pathans), similarly places them unequivocally outside the Pukhtun circle.
Be that as it may, there is no reason to doubt that the Tanolis have held the area of Tanaval for a long time. Their seat of power was at Darband on the east bank of the Sindhu, but with the growth of Sikh power under Maharaja Ranjit Singh and their far-ranging sallies, the seat was moved to Amb to use the river as a barrier. Although there are no 19th century or earlier travellers’ accounts of Darband and Amb, the Tanolis tell tales of two fairly impressive little towns.
In June 1841 when the Tanolis under Mir Painda Khan were fighting against the Sikhs under Arbel Singh, a mighty flood swept down the Sindhu River. While it obliterated a Sikh encampment near the fort of Attock, it also washed away both Amb and Darband. This was on the second day of June and nearly two decades later Henry Haversham Godwin-Austen was to confirm that the Biafo Glacier in Baltistan having extended itself across the Braldu River (that emanates from the Baltoro Glacier), had dammed up the river creating a small lake. When the dam burst, a huge wall of water went roaring down the gorge of the Sindhu destroying everything that stood in its way.
Evidently the revenue of Amb was sizeable for shortly after this cataclysm, both the destroyed towns were rebuilt. Little did he known that in a hundred and thirty years these towns would again be laid low by the filling up of the Tarbela reservoir. But back then, with the advent of British influence, the Nawabs were quick to learn modern ways. One of these was to build a summer getaway. It is not hard to imagine that one midsummer a passing British bigwig entertained by (then) Nawab Akram Khan commented on the stifling heat of Darband. Smack on the river bank and at a height of no more than five hundred metres above the sea, it would indeed have been a rather muggy sort of place.
The spot for the appropriate summer retreat was quickly pinpointed: outside the little village of Shergarh on one of the byways leading from Darband to the Kashmir highlands. Here at a height of about 1600 metres above the sea, in a rolling landscape amid fine stands of blue pine, was an old fort (dating back to 1840s) where the Tanolis kept a small garrison. This fort, so ordained Nawab Akram Khan, was to be reordered into a residential fort-cum-palace. The Amb family maintains no records of expenditure, architects, masons, time of beginning and completion of this project or any other detail. However general estimates claim this work was started sometimes around 1900 or 1901.
In one of the rooms, however, a broken marble plaque records another similar but later construction project. In nastaliq script it mentions in Urdu the name of the ‘Builder and Supervisor,’ as Rahim Baksh Overseer Gujrati. The bottom line records the commencement of the project in 1935, but for some strange reason the year of completion is completed obliterated as if on purpose. Nawabzada Jehangir Khan, the present custodian of this place, says the elders used to mention one Rahim Baksh Bhatti as a builder long associated with the family. He does not know however where the plaque was actually installed.
The year 1935 was the advent of the reign of the last chief of Amb, Nawab Sir Farid Khan. The broken plaque therefore refers to some work undertaken on his orders. Though the family is not certain, it appears that the portion known as the Raees Khana or hostel for the Nawab’s guests and above it the 'dera' where he entertained them was constructed at this time. Nawab Sir Farid Khan ruled until 1969 when the country’s princely states were abolished. The revenue and judicial system of Amb was amalgamated with the State of Pakistan. The family was only permitted to retain their properties but all titles, priviliges etc were formally abolished.
(c) Photo, copyright to Mr Salman Rashid 2014
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